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Andāguraundo | translator = Alfred Birnbaum, Philip Gabriel | image = File:Underground book murakami.jpg | caption = First edition (Japanese) | author = Haruki Murakami | cover_artist = | country = Japan | language = Japanese, English | series = | subject = Interviews | genre = | published = | media_type = Print (Hardcover) | pages = 366 (US) 309 (UK) | isbn = 0-375-72580-6 | dewey = 364.15/23/0952 21 | congress = BP605.O88 M8613 2001 | oclc = 45620755 }} is a book by Japanese novelist Haruki Murakami about the 1995 Aum Shinrikyo sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway. The book is made up of a series of interviews with individuals who were affected by the attacks, and the English translation also includes interviews with members of Aum, the religious cult responsible for the attacks. Murakami hoped that through these interviews, he could capture a side of the attacks which the sensationalist Japanese media had ignored—the way it had affected average citizens. The interviews were conducted over nearly a year, starting in January 1996 and ending in December of that same year. The interviews highlight many intriguing aspects of the Japanese psyche. Work was a high, if not central, priority for most of the interviewees. Isolation, individualism, and lack of communication were also strong themes which were common throughout many accounts of the attacks. Many of the interviewees expressed disillusionment with the materialism in Japanese society and the sensationalistic media, as well as the inefficiency of the emergency response system in dealing with the attack. The book also includes Murakami's personal essay on the attacks, "Blind Nightmare: Where Are We Japanese Going?" In this essay, he criticizes the failure of the Japanese to learn from the attacks, preferring to dismiss it as the extreme act by a group of lunatics rather than analyze the true causes and prevent similar events from occurring in the future. Both the Japanese original and the English translation were well-received, despite the former being criticized as being "one-sided," and the latter being severely abridged. ==History== Described as a work of "journalistic literature,"〔Murakami (2000), Back Cover〕 ''Underground'' was originally published as a series of separate interviews Murakami conducted with 60 victims of the attacks and descriptions of how the attacks were carried out, along with his essay, "Blind Nightmare: Where Are We Japanese Going?" In 2000, an English translation was published which included interviews with 8 members of Aum. ''Underground'' was originally published in Japan without the interviews of Aum members – they were published in the magazine ''Bungei Shunju'' before being collected in a separate volume, ''The Place That Was Promised''.〔Murakami (2000), 248〕 The English translation combines both books into a single volume, but has been abridged. ''Underground'' was translated by Alfred Birnbaum and ''The Place That Was Promised'' by Philip Gabriel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Underground (Murakami book)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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